… If Cuba is a country especially agriculturist, if his population is to a large extent farmer, if city depends on field, if field did independence, if the greatness and the prosperity of our nation depend on a healthful and vigorous peasantry whom it loves and it knows working the Earth, of a State that
it protects it orients and it, how it is possible that it continues this state of things? … Fidel Castro Ruz

This question, that many farmers are made daily, will turn next the 16 of October 55 years of formulated, by the then leader of a clandestine movement, Fidel Castro in its personal plea before the court who before judged by his participation three months in the assault to the Moncada quarter.

Few years later, the 17 of May of 1959, in an establishment of the known Masterful Mountain range like the Silver, were signed by Fidel Castro 1ra. Law of the Agrarian Reformation, that allowed to eliminate the great property large estate owner, limiting 30 cavalries the earth possession. With this measurement 40% of cultivable earth were into the hands of the State, but later, in 1963, by means of 2da. Law of the Agrarian Reformation determines to 5 cavalries the maximum of permissible earth for the deprived proprietors, which considerably increased the large estate state, that persists to the present time.

In Cuba the economic situation, not to mention the policy, does not seem to find the true one causes that it takes to the satisfaction and the well-being of the Cuban families. One of the most important challenges to than faces the Cuban Government and who in 50 years has not been able to solve it is the elimination of the hunger and the establishment of the minimum conditions of nourishing security for his town.

The economic growth is vitally important to be able to guarantee a true food availability and to stop the poverty level that has come accentuating in the majority from the Cuban homes. Lamentably, and by all it is well-known, that stops to be able to speak of food availability and nourishing security is necessary to consider certain political and economic factors, like the freedom of company, an efficient management of government, the existence of a true democracy and a State of Right, aspects that are absent of our country.

In spite of the recent rise of the sanctions of the European Union (UE) to Cuba, any agreement of cooperation with her has not renewed. In the Cuba year 2000 it was admitted in the group of countries Africa - the Caribbean - Pacific (the ACP), although would not sign the Agreement of Cotonú. From October of 2001 the Island is member of CARIFORUM and has signed with the CARICOM an agreement of free commerce of “partial reach�. From year 1993, the Commission has financed measures of aid for 145 million Euros. In August of 2003, Cuba rejected all originating bilateral aid of the Member States of the EU and the European Commission. Our Government only accepts the canalized indirect aid through nongovernmental organisms, foundations, organisms of the UN and regional and local authorities, examples of them are the following:

Sant Just Solidari. This Catalan organization, maintains a permanent interchange with the Cuban Association of Producción Animal (ACPA) through the Catalan Association by La Paz, and finances a project in the Boundary of Genetic Reserve “the Guira�, in areas of the Company Genetic Pecuaria “Camilo Cienfuegos� in Pinar del Rio, with a duration of 4 years and a 549.45 budget of 12 cuc.

The project “Support to the food production with the improvement of the capacities of economic and environmental self-management in cattle cooperatives affected by the blighting and the drought of the Granma province� implements by the ACPA with the cooperation of organization ACSUR - the Segovias and the financing of the Meeting of Communities of Castile, La Mancha. The budget is of 320 980, 46 Euros and the duration of two years.

The project “Transformation and productive diversification of the cañera UBPC “old Guamo�, of Granma implements by the ACPA with the cooperation of organization ACSUR the Segovias and the financing of the independent region of Murcia, Leasehold Delegation of Bizkaia. Its budget of 227 379.34 Euros. And the duration of two years.

The Project “Mitigation of the effects of the drought in farming cooperatives of two northeastern provinces�, Tunas and Camaguey with the cooperation of the Foundation Paz and Third World, and the financing of the Basque Government and a budget of 185 333.4 Euros to execute them in two years.

The project “Fortification of familiar systems of production where they integrate the handling of the smaller species, the production fruit and timber, compatible with the environment in the region of the Caribbean�, begins with the collaboration and financing of the Catalan Association pro La Paz and a 700.00 budget of 147 cuc to execute itself in two years, where next to Dominican Republic and Haiti, our country also will benefit.

These data taken from a magazine specialized of (ACPA) of year 2007, show to us clearly that in spite of all those initiatives and projects, the problem of the nourishing deficit and idle earth follows latent. Problem is that these international organizations interact with Cuban state organizations, that act like cooperative organizations, but drag the same evils and inefficiencies of the state companies.

The past 17 of May, a coalition of rural organizations asked for the government of Raul I castrate, who puts in practice a true agrarian reconstruction, that is identified generally with the aspirations of the man of the field and the society. Demanding the immediate restoration of the Free trade Farmer and the return of earth to all the agricultural workers or their descendants who are toiling in Cooperatives of Producción Agropecuaria at the moment (CPA), as well as to other farmers without earth.

Perhaps in response to the document given in the Council of State, the past 10 of June of 2008 Decree-Law No.259 is implemented on the idle earth delivery in usufruct. Perhaps with the intention to restrain the critical situation of foods in the country and definitively to revert the tendency to the decrease of the earth area worked, that enters 1998 and 2007, in only 9 years, it fell in a 33%, according to words of own Raul I castrate, but the situation will not be solved, because once again they do not go to the marrow of the problem: the free market and the recognition and support on the part of the State to the private initiative.

In recent days, by means of an opinion poll, in a community farmer in the Cujabo, the periphery of the city of Santiago of Cuba some criteria could be listened, that if they reflect the true reality of the Cuban farmer.

“No matter how much our intention is the one to equal the property “the Inesita� * - a farmer of more than 50 years says to Juan Jose, the reality is that we cannot, there is much inefficiency in the state bureaucracy, sometimes we are going to buy foods for the animal and there is no the product, we must return emptiness and pay the load. All this lifts the cost, that soon does not consider at the time of the sale to the State that has a fixed price by ton of given meat�.

Pedro, guajiro of the zone says: “Although nowadays one is vacant can arrive merit up to 2000 Pesos Cubano, the majority of us we did not cheer up to the cattle development, because the possibility that the cows rob to you is very high and the consequences are so hard that he is preferable not to do it. Fines until of 1500 pesos by each cow can put you that loses itself to you, if the robbery is customary can be applied to the unavoidable sale to the State or verte to you implied in a judicial process.

“If we took sometimes into account that, like now, that sold machetes to 100 pesos each, how many liters of milk I must sell more or less to replace in something the money inverted compares in it of the machete, - argument Jorge, a small cattle dealer to us of the place and added 152/2007 resolution the Ministry of Finances and Prices established by means of the new system of payment for milk their quality, that oscillates between the 1,25 and 2,40 and weights by liter, national currency�.

Jose “the mechanic� as all know him, says that one of the great problems of the Cuban peasantry is that they do not sell agricultural machineries to him. “The sale of tractors is only authorized to the Cooperatives of Credits and Servicios (CCS) and to the Basic Units of Producción Cooperativa (UBPC). There are cooperatives of which they own up to 7 tractors, but in fact do not have no, because they need when them they do not have rubbers or fuel, something that also is certain�.

The farmers of the zone also approached the subject of the safe ones on the harvest, cataloguing them of a swindle, because they allege that only they assure those products little risk and easy commercialization, but when he is the handle or the guava the thing is different, they are lost and there is not one that responds for that reason. When one is to sell outside the state control, selling and buying they face the legal consequences.

Old, an indifferent one by impunity of the robberies says: “One of the things that would help to protect the cattle would be that they allowed the children of the few farmers who are with license of hunters and who own guns, could inherit that them and use, since almost all these farmers surpass the 50 years of age�

Many were the expositions, but the critics talked about more to recently approved Decree-Law No.259 on the idle earth delivery in usufruct. Somebody indicated, that this is more of the same, Government prioritizes for supply of the Earth in usufruct to cooperatives state, organizations that already they have extensive areas idle, while to the farmers dissimilar bureaucratic ties and conditions are put to them that have been historically the main causes that restrains its productive capacity, like the imposition of cultures and the state regulation of the market.

To the farmers it seems that the promulgation of the new law has interested them very little, do not see that with her it changes its hard reality, the same difficulties to secure the resources whereupon to obtain a poor farming production and to guarantee a mini level of subsistence, will continue reigning in the Cuban fields.

The new law does not contemplate the financings, which abre a great question, how those people will be able to subsist who them can grant some earth, while the cultures enter production, many of long cycles, like the coffee.

Many farmers, who already are lost their confidence in the government, base their hopes in which in the future the private farmers are including in the agreements of United Nations, privilege that today only enjoys the farmers the state sector. Social work Granada Box, will contribute to 90,000 Euros (equivalent to 130,000 CUC) by means of which more than 11,000 agriculturists in organizations been of the provinces of Tunas and Holguín will receive microcredits.

to the state to administer these credits, already we know which will be the results, for that reason is urgent the necessity to demand a change in the policy towards the deprived agrarian sector in Cuba, on the part of the international organisms. Reason for which the integral organizations of the “Cuban Rural Civic Project� requested at the time that she included herself to them, under the benefits in the agreements of sale of products and agricultural consumptions, that today the Cuban Government from the United States enjoys.

The world-wide crisis of the foods, shows that must implement new initiatives, as Edward Schafer stood out, secretary of Agriculture of EE.UU in Conference on Security Alimentaría and Cuba cannot be the exception. Therefore, it is valid that they start up through farming sector deprived - the unique one efficiently verified - the aid promised in the forum, including the one of the United States, to produce foods.